Hangul Jamo Sounds & Romanization

Present/Habitual Action: The verb stem is followed by ‑는 . Example: 내가 먹는 사과 – “the apple I am eating” or “the apple I eat.”
Past Action: The verb stem is followed by ‑은 . Example: 내가 먹은 사과 – “the apple I ate.”
Future/Intended Action: The verb stem is combined with the future relative marker ‑(ㄹ) (often realized as 먹을 for the verb 먹다). Example: 내가 먹을 사과 – “the apple I will eat.”

This page lists each modern Hangul jamo—consonants and vowels—paired with its Revised Romanization (RR) and its IPA pronunciation.

Consonant Jamo (19 phonemes)

Standard Korean has 19 consonant phonemes, each written with a single jamo. The null‑initial ㅇ is silent onset, while in coda it represents [ŋ].

Jamo	RR	IPA	Example
ㄱ	g	[k]	가 [ka]
ㄲ	kk	[k͈]	까 [k͈a]
ㅋ	k	[kʰ]	카 [kʰa]
ㄴ	n	[n]	나 [na]
ㄷ	d	[t]	다 [ta]
ㄸ	tt	[t͈]	따 [t͈a]
ㅌ	t	[tʰ]	타 [tʰa]
ㄹ	r / l	[ɾ] / [l]	라 [ɾa], 달 [tal]
ㅁ	m	[m]	마 [ma]
ㅂ	b	[p]	바 [pa]
ㅃ	pp	[p͈]	빠 [p͈a]
ㅍ	p	[pʰ]	파 [pʰa]
ㅅ	s	[s]	사 [sa]
ㅆ	ss	[s͈]	싸 [s͈a]
ㅇ	(ng)	∅ / [ŋ]	안 [an], 강 [kaŋ]
ㅈ	j	[t͡ɕ]	자 [t͡ɕa]
ㅉ	jj	[t͡ɕ͈]	짜 [t͡ɕ͈a]
ㅊ	ch	[t͡ɕʰ]	차 [t͡ɕʰa]
ㅎ	h	[h]	하 [ha]

Consonant inventory and IPA values from Wikipedia’s “Help:IPA/Korean” and jamo list

Modern Korean’s 7 monophthongs are written with 10 basic jamo; complex vowels are formed by combining these.

Jamo	RR	IPA	Example
ㅏ	a	[a]	가 [ka]
ㅐ	ae	[ɛ]	개 [kɛ]
ㅑ	ya	[ja]	야 [ja]
ㅒ	yae	[jɛ]	얘 [jɛ]
ㅓ	eo	[ʌ]	거 [kʌ]
ㅔ	e	[e]	게 [ke]
ㅕ	yeo	[jʌ]	겨 [kjʌ]
ㅖ	ye	[je]	계 [kje]
ㅗ	o	[o]	고 [ko]
ㅛ	yo	[jo]	교 [kjo]
ㅜ	u	[u]	구 [ku]
ㅠ	yu	[ju]	규 [kju]
ㅡ	eu	[ɯ]	그 [kɯ]
ㅣ	i	[i]	기 [ki]
ㅘ	wa	[wa]	과 [kwa]
ㅙ	wae	[wɛ]	왜 [wɛ]
ㅚ	oe	[we]	외 [we]
ㅝ	wo	[wʌ]	워 [wʌ]
ㅞ	we	[we]	웨 [we]
ㅟ	wi	[wi]	위 [wi]
ㅢ	ui	[ɯi]	의 [ɯi]

Vowel romanization and IPA from Wikipedia’s RR guidelines and IPA key .